http://wiki.dpconline.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Hlhours&feedformat=atomwiki.dpconline.org - User contributions [en-gb]2024-03-28T11:58:19ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.39.3http://wiki.dpconline.org/index.php?title=Talk:ANNEX_B_RELATIONSHIP_WITH_OTHER_STANDARDS_OR_EFFORTS_(INFORMATIVE)&diff=3529Talk:ANNEX B RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER STANDARDS OR EFFORTS (INFORMATIVE)2017-08-23T11:56:30Z<p>Hlhours: Created page with "See: http://wiki.dpconline.org/index.php?title=Talk:1.5_ROAD_MAP_FOR_DEVELOPMENT_OF_RELATED_STANDARDS for related comments"</p>
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<div>See: http://wiki.dpconline.org/index.php?title=Talk:1.5_ROAD_MAP_FOR_DEVELOPMENT_OF_RELATED_STANDARDS for related comments</div>Hlhourshttp://wiki.dpconline.org/index.php?title=Talk:1.5_ROAD_MAP_FOR_DEVELOPMENT_OF_RELATED_STANDARDS&diff=3528Talk:1.5 ROAD MAP FOR DEVELOPMENT OF RELATED STANDARDS2017-08-23T11:56:07Z<p>Hlhours: Created page with "Other work in this area which came out of the OAIS review wiki discussions includes: The proposal from Nancy McGovern for a ‘Family of Standards’: http://wiki.dpconline...."</p>
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<div>Other work in this area which came out of the OAIS review wiki discussions includes:<br />
<br />
The proposal from Nancy McGovern for a ‘Family of Standards’: <br />
http://wiki.dpconline.org/index.php?title=The_Family_of_OAIS_Standards_proposal <br />
<br />
The proposal from Eld Zierau on references to PREMIS<br />
http://wiki.dpconline.org/index.php?title=PREMIS_and_OAIS<br />
<br />
As my own thoughts didn’t align completely with these perspectives and as the remit for the review was so narrow I decided not to add them to the wiki at the time. But as the discussion has come up within NESTOR and the CoreTrustSeal Board (successor to the WDS and DSA certification boards) I’ve added them to the wiki now in case they’re of help. <br />
<br />
HL’H The following is an edit of the text I shared with the group who created this wiki as ''HLH-OAIS-2017reviewDraftText''<br />
<br />
<br />
Comments relate to this section and to http://wiki.dpconline.org/index.php?title=ANNEX_B_RELATIONSHIP_WITH_OTHER_STANDARDS_OR_EFFORTS_(INFORMATIVE)<br />
<br />
The announcement of the current OAIS review states:<br />
<br />
“Nor will the standard be changed from a reference model to an implementation design. Archive implementation standards or implementation profiles or detailed archival process standards or protocols should be addressed but they would become separate standards and would be developed through separate CCSDS projects.”<br />
<br />
But I have no sense of how this might interact with the OAIS, how OAIS might constrain the development of such standards or how they in turn might be expected to influence the OAIS. This is already an issue as the existence of PAIMAS is presented as a strong argument for an OAIS ‘pre-ingest’ function (http://wiki.dpconline.org/index.php?title=Pre-ingest) but that would seem to fall beyond the scope of the current review.<br />
<br />
Rather than mapping out a journey to a future network of associated standards the section includes the same headings as were included in the 2002 OAIS (then empty) with no explanation for the selection of these headings.<br />
I’m not clear on the difference between "– standard(s) for the submission (ingest) methodology used by an Archive: " which includes PAIMAS and PAIS (recommended standard https://public.ccsds.org/Pubs/651x1b1.pdf ) and "standard(s) for the submission (ingest) of digital data sources to the Archive". Could these be explained?<br />
<br />
The various CCSDS/ISO standards (EAST, DEDSL, XFDU) and PREMIS don’t clearly sit under the heading “standard(s) for the submission of digital metadata, about digital or physical data sources, to the Archive” as they may incorporate information generated post-submission.<br />
<br />
The only “standard(s) for recommended archival practices” seems to be about records management (ISO15489 and 23081) with no explanation or guidance on their application alongside OAIS (the same applies to references to ISO15489 in ISO16363)<br />
<br />
Overall the Roadmap does not seem to sit easily alongside '''ANNEX B RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER STANDARDS OR EFFORTS (INFORMATIVE) (B-1)'''<br />
<br />
Annex B is divided into two parts: <br />
<br />
1. Prior work that has been incorporated with some amendments (Z39.5 and the IEEEE mass storage model)<br />
<br />
2. Standards which align with OAIS though may be more detailed in some areas or which implement and extend some OAIS concepts, mostly the CCSDS standards mentioned in the roadmap<br />
<br />
Of all the standards mentioned the reader is unlikely to get a sense of the level of value they might deliver or their level of adoption or currency.<br />
<br />
'''Could the road map and the Annex be usefully merged or restructured and made more informative?''' <br />
<br />
Some brief explanation of the criteria for acceptance into the Roadmap or Annex might be valuable. Do they need to be CCSDS/ISO approved? Do they need to have reached a critical mass of adoption? How does one apply for inclusion? <br />
<br />
ANNEX B RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER STANDARDS OR EFFORTS (INFORMATIVE) (B-1) also includes a<br />
<br />
“brief mapping between some terminology used in various domains and that used in the OAIS reference model”,<br />
<br />
So brief in fact that it includes 4 words: Archives, Accession, Record and Primary Audience and doesn’t seem to fit in with the rest of the material in the Annex. Would this be better placed with the definitions?</div>Hlhourshttp://wiki.dpconline.org/index.php?title=Talk:2.2.1_INFORMATION_DEFINITION&diff=3501Talk:2.2.1 INFORMATION DEFINITION2016-12-20T15:59:01Z<p>Hlhours: Created page with " "the OAIS must clearly identify the bits and the Representation Information that applies to those bits. This required transparency to the bit level is a distinguishing featur..."</p>
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<div> "the OAIS must clearly identify the bits and the Representation Information that applies to those bits. This required transparency to the bit level is a distinguishing feature of digital information preservation, and it runs counter to object-oriented concepts which try to hide these implementation issues. This presents a significant challenge to the preservation of digital information."<br />
I’m not sure if it’s the transparency to the bit level or the fact that it runs counter to object oriented concepts that presents the significant challenge or both. <br />
If could be that the implication is that ‘the information object is all important so you shouldn’t generalise in the way you might with other objects in OO’ but unless there’s something really important and specific to say it almost feels redundant to mention OO at all. Is this a case where more information is needed? Or could we lose “and it runs counter to object-oriented concepts which try to hide these implementation issues” without significant impact?<br />
While I understand that before you start generating the logic you need to model the data, generalise to a class, imply a type etc it’s not clear to me that this is a problem. Of course your modelling only abstracts the features of the underlying objects necessary to implement the logic and this is usually going to ignore bit-level stuff and concentrate on attributes you care about, but if you define the problem as one that goes down to bit level then your OO modelling would take that into account.<br />
*<br />
<br />
"software [] is used to access the Information Object, and it will incorporate some understanding of the network of Representation Information objects involved. However, this software should not be used as rationale for avoiding identifying and gathering readily understandable Representation Information that defines the Information Object, because it is harder to preserve working software than to preserve information in digital or hardcopy forms."<br />
Does this go too far in dismissing emulation as a solution? The following paragraph then talks about how the reference model focuses on 'preservation of information content' but also talks about various types of emulation. <br />
*<br />
"Though the OAIS reference model does not focus on these emerging techniques, it should provide an architectural basis for the prototyping and comparison of these techniques." <br />
Is it fit for this purpose? Is this happening? Should this be updated? Has this ‘emerging technique’ progressed enough since 2002 to be worth a rewrite, or at least to remove the word ‘emerging’?</div>Hlhourshttp://wiki.dpconline.org/index.php?title=Talk:2_OAIS_CONCEPTS&diff=3500Talk:2 OAIS CONCEPTS2016-12-20T15:52:04Z<p>Hlhours: question inclusion of 'motivate'</p>
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<div> "The purpose of this section is to motivate[]high-level OAIS concepts." <br />
I’m not sure if I understand why ‘motivate’ is the purpose here.<br />
<br />
Hervé L'Hours</div>Hlhourshttp://wiki.dpconline.org/index.php?title=Talk:1.4_CONFORMANCE&diff=3499Talk:1.4 CONFORMANCE2016-12-20T15:49:12Z<p>Hlhours: Considering OAIS and ISO16363 conformance/compliance</p>
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<div>Conformance/Compliance with the OAIS is a recurrent issue, not least for software vendors. <br />
<br />
Conformance requires than the OAIS “fulfil the [mandatory] responsibilities” and support the model of information: data object, representation information and information object, alongside content information, packaging information and PDI across the information package variants (SIP, DIP and AIP). <br />
<br />
The OAIS shall:<br />
– Negotiate for and accept appropriate information from information Producers.<br />
– Obtain sufficient control of the information provided to the level needed to ensure Long Term Preservation.<br />
– Determine, either by itself or in conjunction with other parties, which communities should become the Designated Community and, therefore, should be able to understand the information provided, thereby defining its Knowledge Base.<br />
– Ensure that the information to be preserved is Independently Understandable to the Designated Community. In particular, the Designated Community should be able to understand the information without needing special resources such as the assistance of the experts who produced the information.<br />
– Follow documented policies and procedures which ensure that the information is preserved against all reasonable contingencies, including the demise of the Archive, ensuring that it is never deleted unless allowed as part of an approved strategy. There should be no ad-hoc deletions.<br />
– Make the preserved information available to the Designated Community and enable the information to be disseminated as copies of, or as traceable to, the original submitted Data Objects with evidence supporting its Authenticity.<br />
<br />
From the above it seems clear that software vendors may be able to conform to the information model (especially given “actual implementations may group or break out functionality differently”) but not to the mandatory responsibilities as these are instantiated within the functioning OAIS system, not the software. <br />
<br />
This section is followed by the statement: <br />
<br />
“A separate standard, as noted in 1.5, has been produced on which accreditation and certification processes can be built.”<br />
<br />
But this does no clarify any relationship to the concept of conformance nor explain whether successful certification against the associated standard (ISO16363) implies ‘accreditation’ as an OAIS or as some separate type of entity. <br />
<br />
ISO16363 states:<br />
<br />
“Institutions began to declare themselves ‘OAIS-compliant’ to underscore the trustworthiness of their digital repositories. However, there was no established understanding of ‘OAIScompliance’ beyond being able to apply OAIS terminology to describe their archive, despite there being a compliance section in OAIS which specifies the need to support the model of information and fulfilling the mandatory responsibilities.”<br />
<br />
But “the need to support the model of information and fulfilling the mandatory responsibilities” (above) does seem to go beyond “being able to apply OAIS terminology to describe their archive”. <br />
<br />
There isn’t a ‘compliance’ section in OAIS, or indeed any use of the term compliance, it’s described as ‘conformance’. Perhaps clarifying the intended meaning and purpose across OAIS/16363 would help?<br />
<br />
ISO16363 notes its RLG/NARA heritage as:<br />
<br />
“the TRAC (reference [B3]) document which combined ideas from OAIS (reference [1]) and Trusted Digital Repositories: Attributes and Responsibilities (TDR—reference [B2]).”<br />
<br />
When discussing metrics ISO16363 states: <br />
“Metrics are empirically derived and consistent measures of effectiveness. When evaluated together, metrics can be used to judge the overall suitability of a repository to be trusted to provide a preservation environment that is consistent with the goals of the OAIS.” <br />
<br />
Leaving aside whether each part of ISO16363 is truly empirically derived and consistently measurable, this is another case of mentioning both OAIS and ISO16363 without truly explaining their association. <br />
<br />
The authors of OAIS said ‘there should be a trust standard’ and the authors of ISO16363 mention that ‘OAIS said there should be a trust standard’ but beyond “consistent with the goals”, I’m not left with a feeling of two standards working seamlessly together to some clear purpose.<br />
<br />
Hervé L'Hours</div>Hlhourshttp://wiki.dpconline.org/index.php?title=Talk:1.2_APPLICABILITY&diff=3498Talk:1.2 APPLICABILITY2016-12-14T12:20:15Z<p>Hlhours: </p>
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<div>Should the OAIS standard be a strait jacket or a diving board?<br />
<br />
Years ago I heard direct criticism of PREMIS from those close to the OAIS process because it didn’t directly employ the OAIS information model. But now it’s referenced in the OAIS Roadmap. I still feel there are a variety of interpretations of what a ‘reference model’ should do and how it should be ‘implemented’. But more importantly I don’t know of any proposed methods for validating the reference model against systems that claim to implement it in the real world.<br />
<br />
The Applicability section notes that the model:<br />
<br />
<br />
“does not specify a design or an implementation. Actual implementations may group or break out functionality differently” <br />
<br />
But does not provide us with guidance on how such alternate perspectives can be mapped from the OAIS, or how existing implementation might be benchmarked against the standard; despite this the OAIS remains the: <br />
<br />
“basis for further standardization in this area”<br />
<br />
Without a methodology for linking reference model to implementation (and, ideally, from implementation through to ISO16363 audit) the range of functional entities and the data/metadata and messaging transfers between them can’t be analysed in terms of real world practice. Will there be a time when the authors of OAIS can demonstrate that their work has been validated as meaningful, appropriately scoped and the right tool for reference when creating an OAIS implementation?</div>Hlhourshttp://wiki.dpconline.org/index.php?title=Talk:1.2_APPLICABILITY&diff=3497Talk:1.2 APPLICABILITY2016-12-14T12:19:31Z<p>Hlhours: Questioning whether the 'Applicability' section successfully describes where and how the OAIS can/should be applied.</p>
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<div>Should the OAIS standard be a strait jacket or a diving board?<br />
<br />
Years ago I heard direct criticism of PREMIS from those close to the OAIS process because it didn’t directly employ the OAIS information model. But now it’s referenced in the OAIS Roadmap. I still feel there are a variety of interpretations of what a ‘reference model’ should do and how it should be ‘implemented’. But more importantly I don’t know of any proposed methods for validating the reference model against systems that claim to implement it in the real world.<br />
<br />
The Applicability section notes that the model: <br />
<br />
“does not specify a design or an implementation. Actual implementations may group or break out functionality differently” <br />
<br />
But does not provide us with guidance on how such alternate perspectives can be mapped from the OAIS, or how existing implementation might be benchmarked against the standard; despite this the OAIS remains the: <br />
<br />
“basis for further standardization in this area”. <br />
<br />
Without a methodology for linking reference model to implementation (and, ideally, from implementation through to ISO16363 audit) the range of functional entities and the data/metadata and messaging transfers between them can’t be analysed in terms of real world practice. Will there be a time when the authors of OAIS can demonstrate that their work has been validated as meaningful, appropriately scoped and the right tool for reference when creating an OAIS implementation?</div>Hlhourshttp://wiki.dpconline.org/index.php?title=User:Hlhours&diff=3076User:Hlhours2015-11-18T10:33:49Z<p>Hlhours: Created page with "Hervé L'Hours is the Preservation Manager for the UK Data Archive, a partner in the UK Data Service (https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/)"</p>
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<div>Hervé L'Hours is the Preservation Manager for the UK Data Archive, a partner in the UK Data Service (https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/)</div>Hlhourshttp://wiki.dpconline.org/index.php?title=Talk:Pre-ingest&diff=3075Talk:Pre-ingest2015-11-18T10:31:30Z<p>Hlhours: </p>
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<div>''Reply from Hervé L'Hours, UKDA''<br />
<br />
The original OAIS release included recommendations for future development including a more detailed approach to the handling of appraisal and custody transfer to the repository (now PAIMAS). <br />
<br />
OAIS uses the term ‘Pre-Ingest’ once, in the discussion under “4.1.5 The repository shall have an ingest process which verifies each SIP for completeness and correctness.” : If an inventory of files was provided by a producer as part of pre-ingest negotiations, one would expect checks to be carried out against that inventory.“<br />
<br />
PAIMAS mentions the Pre-Ingest only once as an alternate term for the first of its four phases: “The Preliminary Phase, also known as a pre-ingest or pre-accessioning phase, includes the initial contacts between the Producer and the Archive and any resulting feasibility studies, preliminary definition of the scope of the project, a draft of the SIP definition and finally a draft Submission Agreement.”<br />
<br />
But the more recent (2012) Interface Specification (651x1r1-ProducerArchiveInterfaceSpec-PAIS-RedBook-Feb2012.pdf) doesn’t mention it at all.<br />
<br />
The use of the term more colloquially has grown among curation professionals to refer to the repository processes from first contact with a potential ‘depositor’ to the arrival of an approved ‘deposit’ in the repository (carefully avoiding the term SIP here). But it is also used/misused at times to denote all pre-repository stages of the digital object lifecycle. <br />
<br />
Does this use/misuse indicate that:<br />
<br />
1. The term deserves formalisation as an important phase of the repository process?<br />
2. The OAIS would benefit from more clearly placing itself within the full digital object lifecycle?<br />
<br />
Topics important to pre-ingest (“processes from first contact with a potential ‘depositor’ to the arrival of an approved ‘deposit’”) include: <br />
* Contact management <br />
* Formal identification of depositor contacts<br />
* Confirmation that the offered data collection: <br />
** meets the repository’s collections development criteria (appropriate subject matter, IPR and rights status etc)<br />
** is of suitable technical quality for use and preservation (low risk file formats, sufficient supporting metadata etc)<br />
** has been appropriately validated in terms of risk (virus detection to appropriate anonymisation of human subjects)<br />
** is suitably structured to support the needs of the designated community (from structural metadata, to file naming to including ‘pre-repository’<br />
* Standard procedures for custody transfer<br />
<br />
Barbara, I think the “want to distinguish the ‘raw material’ received from the producer from the material that is being processed to become a SIP” is tricky. I think the OAIS authors would suggest that this is the SIP though of course we know that we’re collecting relevant metadata well before a deposit is received. I think the OAIS specifically identifies the three states SIP/DIP/AIP as covering everything, with the SIP exactly as deposited and then recording of all actions to create the AIP and DIP. But we also know that some organisations may receive sample data, or multiple submissions before the ‘deposit process’ is closed. Here at the UKDA we ‘declare’ the existence of a SIP once all relevant QA is complete, until that point we just have (potentially) multiple ‘deposits’ in the acquisition process.<br />
<br />
So I agree about Pre-Ingest, and I understand the idea of a PSP, but I’m not convinced that OAIS would ever consider an additional ‘object’ like that. I think that they’d suggest that any metadata you collect during the Pre-Ingest process becomes part of the AIP i.e. that you begin creating the AIP even before the SIP/deposit arrives.<br />
<br />
I agree about the ‘raw’ data stuff though, I’d particularly like to be able to request deposit of ‘versions’ of the data that have been used to support ‘pre-repository’ publications. We know that people might use our DOI’s for publications which are actually based on Pre-Repository (so pre-QA) versions of the data during the production process. We want to support this but also to distinguish these versions from our own ‘better’ (or at least different) version. One solution to this might be to offer pre-repository DOI minting to researchers and then to design the SIP to make sure we can receive multiple data versions. <br />
<br />
What do you think?<br />
<br />
[[User:Hlhours|Hlhours]] ([[User talk:Hlhours|talk]]) 10:31, 18 November 2015 (UTC)</div>Hlhourshttp://wiki.dpconline.org/index.php?title=2.2.2_INFORMATION_PACKAGE_DEFINITION&diff=29232.2.2 INFORMATION PACKAGE DEFINITION2015-10-19T12:27:37Z<p>Hlhours: </p>
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<div>{{:OAISheader}}<br />
<br />
The definition of an Information Object is applicable to all the information types discussed in this and the following subsections. In other words, they all have associated Representation Information, although this is usually not shown explicitly.<br />
<br />
Every submission of information to an OAIS by a Producer, and every dissemination of information to a Consumer, occurs as one or more discrete transmissions. Therefore, it is convenient to define the concept of an '''Information Package'''.<br />
<br />
An Information Package is a conceptual container of two types of information called '''Content Information''' and '''Preservation Description Information (PDI)'''. The Content Information and PDI are viewed as being encapsulated and identifiable by the Packaging Information. The resulting package is viewed as being discoverable by virtue of the Descriptive Information.<br />
<br />
These Information Package relationships are shown schematically in figure 2-3.<br />
<br />
[[File:Figure 2-3 Information Package Concepts and Relationships 650x0m2.jpg|500px]]<br />
<br />
'''Figure 2-3: Information Package Concepts and Relationships'''<br />
<br />
The Content Information is that information which is the original target of preservation. It consists of the Content Data Object (Physical Object or Digital Object, i.e., bits) and its associated Representation Information needed to make the Content Data Object understandable to the Designated Community. For example, the Content Data Object may be an image that is provided as the bit content of one CD-ROM file together with other files, on the same CD-ROM, that contain Representation Information.<br />
<br />
Only after the Content Information has been clearly defined can an assessment of the Preservation Description Information be made. The Preservation Description Information applies to the Content Information and is needed to preserve the Content Information, to ensure it is clearly identified, and to understand the environment in which the Content Information was created. The Preservation Description Information is divided into five types of preserving information called Provenance, Context, Reference, Fixity and Access Rights. Briefly, they are the following:<br />
<br />
– Provenance describes the source of the Content Information, who has had custody of it since its origination, and its history (including processing history).<br />
<br />
– Context describes how the Content Information relates to other information outside the Information Package. For example, it would describe why the Content Information was produced, and it may include a description of how it relates to another Content Information object that is available.<br />
<br />
– Reference provides one or more identifiers, or systems of identifiers, by which the Content Information may be uniquely identified. Examples include an ISBN for a book, or a set of attributes that distinguish one instance of Content Information from another.<br />
<br />
– Fixity provides a wrapper, or protective shield, that protects the Content Information from undocumented alteration. For example, it may involve a checksum over the Content Information of a digital Information Package.<br />
<br />
– Access Rights provide the terms of access, including preservation, distribution, and usage of Content Information. For example, it would contain the statements to grant the OAIS permissions for preservation operations, licensing offers (for distribution), specifications for rights enforcement measures, as well as access control specifications.<br />
<br />
The Packaging Information is that information which, either actually or logically, binds, identifies and relates the Content Information and PDI. For example, if the Content Information and PDI are identified as being the content of specific files on a CD-ROM, then the Packaging Information would include the ISO 9660 volume/file structure on the CD- ROM, as well as the names and directory information of the files on CD-ROM disk. Other examples of packaging include XFDU (reference [D11]) where the Packaging Information would be the file identifier and the definition of the packaging method.<br />
<br />
The Descriptive Information is that information which is used to discover which package has the Content Information of interest. Depending on the setting, this may be no more than a descriptive title of the Information Package that appears in some message, or it may be a full set of attributes that are searchable in a catalog service.<br />
<br />
'''--Please retain original text above for reference. Propose amendments or additions below this line or respond using the Discussion tab above--'''<br />
<br />
<br />
{{:OAISfooter}}</div>Hlhourshttp://wiki.dpconline.org/index.php?title=5.1.3_MIGRATION_TYPES&diff=29005.1.3 MIGRATION TYPES2015-10-06T13:04:27Z<p>Hlhours: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{:OAISheader}}<br />
<br />
Based on the models and concepts above, it is possible to identify four primary Digital<br />
Migration types. The primary types, ordered by increasing risk of information loss, are: Operations which do not change the bit sequences<br />
<br />
– '''Refreshment''': A Digital Migration where a media instance, holding one or more<br />
AIPs or parts of AIPs, is replaced by a media instance of the same type by copying the bits on the medium used to hold AIPs and to manage and access the medium. As a result, the existing Archival Storage mapping infrastructure, without alteration, is able to continue to locate and access the AIP.<br />
<br />
– '''Replication''': A Digital Migration where there is no change to the Packaging Information, the Content Information and the PDI. The bits used to convey these information objects are preserved in the transfer to the same or new media-type <br />
instance. Refreshment is also a Replication, but Replication may require changes to the Archival Storage mapping infrastructure.<br />
<br />
Operations which change the bit sequences<br />
<br />
– '''Repackaging''': A Digital Migration where there is some change in the bits of the<br />
Packaging Information.<br />
<br />
– '''Transformation''': A Digital Migration where there is some change in the Content<br />
Information or PDI bits while attempting to preserve the full information content.<br />
<br />
There is the smallest risk of information loss under Refreshment because none of the bits that are used to hold AIP information or to support finding and accessing AIPs are altered. There is also little risk of information loss under Replication because none of the bits representing AIP information have changed. However, if a new media type is involved there will be some changes needed in the Archival Storage mapping infrastructure (see figure 5-1). The risk is that something may go wrong in the process and some unintended changes to bits may take place. Repackaging recognizes that some bit changes will take place, but these are mostly confined to information used to delimit the Content Information and the PDI, and so generally do not alter the information carried by the Content Information or the PDI. There is the usual risk that something will go wrong, and there are also cases where some interaction between Packaging Information and the Content Information or PDI cannot be avoided. This poses additional risk of information loss. However, it is expected that the OAIS will verify that Refreshment, Replication, or Repacking Migrations have not lost information. Finally, Transformation poses the most risk because changes to the Content Information or PDI are made.<br />
<br />
To understand more clearly what may be involved in these migration types it is necessary to look at possible implementation approaches. It will be seen that some migrations are a mixture of Repackaging and Transformation. It is also important to recall that, for any given AIP the OAIS must first clearly identify what constitutes the Content Information, and only then can the PDI be identified. Following this the Packaging Information can also be identified. Further, there is no single ‘correct’ definition of what should be the Content Information as this must be determined by the OAIS for each AIP it constructs and stores. All these issues are discussed in more detail in the following subsections using a series of implementation and migration scenarios.<br />
<br />
****[[5.1.3.1 Refreshment]]<br />
****[[5.1.3.2 Replication]]<br />
****[[5.1.3.3 Repackaging]]<br />
****[[5.1.3.4 Transformation]]<br />
****[[5.1.3.5 Distinguishing AIP Versions, AIP Editions and Derived AIPs]]<br />
<br />
<br />
'''--Please retain original text above for reference. Propose amendments or additions below this line or respond using the Discussion tab above--'''<br />
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{{:OAISfooter}}</div>Hlhourshttp://wiki.dpconline.org/index.php?title=4.2.2.7_Archival_Information_Collections&diff=28994.2.2.7 Archival Information Collections2015-10-06T12:52:05Z<p>Hlhours: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
{{:OAISheader}}<br />
<br />
The AIU and its associated Unit Description provide the information necessary for a Consumer to locate and order AIUs of interest. However, it can be impossible for a Consumer to sort through the millions of Unit Descriptions contained in a large Archive. This problem is addressed here.<br />
<br />
The Content Information of an AIC is composed of complete AIPs each of which have their own Content Information, PDI, and associated Packaging Information and Package Descriptions. These AIPs are then aggregated into Archive Information Collections (AIC) using criteria determined by the archivist. Generally AICs are based on the AIUs of interest having common themes or origins and a common set of Associate Descriptions. At a minimum all OAISes can be viewed has having at least one AIC which contains all the AIPs held by the OAIS.<br />
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For example, the OAIS for digital movies may have AICs based on the subject area of the movie such as mystery, science fiction, or horror. In addition the Archive may have AICs based on other factors such as director or lead actor.<br />
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A logical model of an AIC is shown in figure 4-23. As in the previous subsections, all of the containment relationships are logical containment and may be physical or may be accomplished via a pointer to another object in storage. For example, the Content Information of an AIC can be created either by creating physical collections of the contained AIPs or by pointing to the contained AIPs. A single AIP can belong to any number of AICs.<br />
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[[File:Figure 4-23 Archive Information Collections Logical View 650x0m2.jpg|500px]]<br />
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'''Figure 4-23: Archive Information Collections Logical View'''<br />
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For example, a pattern recognition technique might be created for digital movies and the OAIS for digital movies might offer a service to search its Archives for large structures such as the pyramids or a New York skyline. This type of service is very processing intensive, involving potentially large numbers of AIUs to be transferred from Archival Storage to Access and then running the appropriate process to analyze the Content Information from each AIU. If the results are generally useful, the archivist could summarize the results of this<br />
‘content based query’ into an Associated Description of a new AIC that contains movies with large structures. This technique is frequently referred to as data mining.<br />
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An important feature of the AIC, as shown in figure 4-23, is the fact that an AIC is a complete AIP which contains PDI. The PDI provides further information about the AIC such as Provenance on when and why it was created, Context to related AICs, the desired level of security/Fixity and Access Rights Information. This is in addition to the PDI contained in member AIPs. This type of information is often necessary for a Consumer to have confidence in the reliability of an AIC. In the above example, the usefulness of the AIC of movies with large structures is to some extent based on the algorithm used and the Provenance of when the AIC was created or last updated.<br />
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{{:OAISfooter}}</div>Hlhourshttp://wiki.dpconline.org/index.php?title=4-1_OAIS_Functional_Entities&diff=28614-1 OAIS Functional Entities2015-10-05T15:40:51Z<p>Hlhours: Created page with "{{:OAISheader}} 500px '''--Please retain original text above for reference. Propose amendments or additions below t..."</p>
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